Burrell: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and behaviour
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell states that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I really hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just come to terms with the outcome and accept that this whole situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but stated it could not collect sufficient proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on building inclusive environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the filming of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with young people in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the field with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the horns and keep carrying this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022